UHF RFID (Ultra High Frequency Radio Frequency Identification) is a wireless auto-identification technology that uses radio waves in the 865–960 MHz band to read data from tags without line of sight, often at several metres and hundreds of tags per second. It is the technology behind modern asset tracking, smart parking, warehouse automation and supply-chain traceability.
How UHF RFID works
A UHF RFID system has three parts: a reader, one or more antennas, and tags. The reader sends radio energy through the antenna. A passive tag in the field harvests that energy, powers up its chip, and backscatters its stored identifier (an EPC, or Electronic Product Code) back to the reader. No battery is needed in the tag, and no direct line of sight is required — unlike a barcode.
UHF RFID frequency bands by region
| Region | UHF RFID band |
|---|
| India / European Union | 865–868 MHz |
| North America | 902–928 MHz |
| Global standard | EPC Gen2v2 / ISO/IEC 18000-6C |
Typical read range
Passive UHF RFID tags are normally read from 1 to 10+ metres, depending on the tag antenna, the reader power, the surface the tag is mounted on, and the environment. Metal and liquids absorb or reflect radio energy, so metal assets need specialised metal-mount tags. Convalexa's REFLECTA MET-A730 metal-mount tag, for example, reads up to 8.5 metres at 866–868 MHz.
Where UHF RFID is used
- Asset tracking — tools, equipment, returnable containers, moulds and dies.
- Warehouse & inventory — bulk read of pallets and cartons at dock doors.
- Smart parking & vehicle access — windscreen tags read at the boom barrier.
- Manufacturing automation — work-in-progress tracking and machine–tool pairing.
- Personnel safety — access control and zone presence in hazardous areas.
Frequently asked questions
UHF RFID operates in the 865–960 MHz range. India and the EU use 865–868 MHz; North America uses 902–928 MHz.
Passive UHF RFID tags are typically read from 1 to 10+ metres depending on tag, antenna and reader. Convalexa's REFLECTA MET-A730 metal-mount tag reads up to 8.5 metres.
Passive tags have no battery and are powered by the reader's radio energy, making them low-cost and maintenance-free. Active tags carry a battery for much longer range but cost more and need battery replacement.
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